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Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-06-20 Origin: Site
https://www.Granite-components.com，E-mail：Granitecomponents@163.com
A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is a high-precision 3D dimensional measuring instrument. Based on coordinate measurement principles, it calculates the geometric dimensions, shape, and positional relationships of measured objects by precisely measuring their coordinate positions in 3D space. It is widely used for inspection and quality control in industrial manufacturing.
• In the 1950s, the first CMM was initially used for precision measurement of parts in aerospace and defense industries.
• The earliest models had only 2 motion axes; 3-axis machines were introduced in the 1960s, followed by computer-controlled systems in the 1970s.
◦ Bridge-type CMM: The most common type, with the CMM head mounted on a bridge. One side of the bridge moves along the bed rail, while the other side is supported by an air cushion or other means (no rail).
◦ Cantilever-type CMM: The bridge is supported by a single cantilever arm.
◦ Gantry-type CMM: Equipped with rails on both sides, similar to a CNC engraving machine. It is typically the largest CMM, suitable for measuring large workpieces.
◦ Horizontal Arm CMM: Similar to the cantilever type but with the entire bridge movable up and down along a single arm. It has relatively lower precision and is suitable for large, thin workpieces (e.g., automobile bodies).
◦ Portable Arm-type CMM: Uses a jointed arm, usually manually positioned. Coordinates are calculated via the rotational positions of each joint and known inter-joint lengths.
Includes a granite table, bridge, carriage, Z-axis and protective cover, grating system, drive system, and pneumatic system, providing stable mechanical structure and motion support for measurements.
Responsible for executing measurement programs, processing signals, collecting and analyzing data, and performing error compensation.
A key component whose performance directly affects measurement accuracy and repeatability. Options include contact and non-contact probes.
Provides an operation interface, supports creation, editing, execution, and result analysis of measurement programs, and integrates with CAD/CAM systems.
◦ Temperature and Humidity Control: Excessive temperature fluctuations affect workpiece and machine dimensions; high humidity causes equipment corrosion. Typically, temperature should be controlled at 18°C–22°C, and humidity maintained within an appropriate range.
◦ Dust Prevention: Keep the measurement environment clean to reduce the impact of dust particles on measurement accuracy. Industrial-grade air filtration systems are recommended.
◦ Vibration Isolation: CMMs are sensitive to vibration. Use shock pads or isolation mounts to reduce external vibration transmission.
◦ Electromagnetic Interference Prevention: The measurement environment should be away from electromagnetic sources (e.g., high-voltage cables, motors) and shielded.
Mount the workpiece on the CMM fixture, fix its position, ensure alignment with the CMM’s coordinate axes, and use positioning pins or auxiliary tools for alignment.
Select and install appropriate probes and styli based on measurement requirements. Calibrate according to the manufacturer’s instructions, a key step to ensure measurement accuracy.
Establish a workpiece coordinate system based on its shape and dimensions. If a CAD model exists, establish a model coordinate system and fit the two.
Use CMM programming software to define probe paths, measurement point positions, and strategies. Programs should be customized to the part’s shape, dimensions, and measurement requirements.
Upload the program to the CMM and execute it. Monitor the probe’s motion trajectory and measurement data to ensure smooth operation and accurate results.
After measurement, filter, fit, and transform raw data; extract key dimensional parameters. Analyze results using relevant software, generate reports, compare actual vs. theoretical dimensions, perform statistical analysis, and determine if parts meet design requirements.
Use standard gauge blocks or other tools to check and adjust CMM parameters, ensuring measurement accuracy and reliability.
Includes cleaning, lubrication, and component inspection to extend CMM service life and maintain measurement accuracy.
Regularly assess CMM performance indicators (e.g., measurement accuracy, repeatability, resolution) to identify and address issues promptly.
Document calibration and maintenance details (time, methods, results) to analyze and optimize maintenance strategies for long-term stable operation.
CMM measurements comply with multiple international and domestic standards, such as:
• ISO 10360 series: Defines CMM performance evaluation, calibration, and measurement uncertainty requirements.
• GB/T 19022-2003: Specifies CMM performance evaluation methods.
• GB/T 15287-2008: Provides CMM measurement uncertainty assessment methods.
Enterprises should also establish internal CMM usage protocols to standardize calibration, maintenance, and measurement processes.
